Optical instrument.



F. L. G. KOLLMORGEN.

OPTICAL INSTRUMENT.

APPucATloN FILED ram/6.1913.

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Patented Apr. 6, i915.

F. L. G. KOLLIVIORGEN.

OPTICAL INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION man MAY 6, |913.

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P'FECAL INSTRUMENT.

,specification of Letters Patent.

. Patented Apr., 6, 1915.

.apncationmed nay e, 1913. serialno. 765,728.

T0 all whom it may concern l v y Be it known that '1, FREbERIox L. G. KOLLM'ORGEN, a subject of'the Emperor of Germany, residing at Boonton, in the county oflMorris and State of New Jersey', have invented certain new and `useful Improvements in Optical instruments', of which the following is a spe'cili'oation. Y

rlxhis invention relates to' optical instruments and more particularly to pe'ri'scope's for submarines, and its novelty consists in the construction and adaptation of the' parts as will be more fully hereinafterpointed out.4

llt comprises a plurality of features which are shown as'jointly embodied one instrument, but which are each capable ofbeing independently used in other instruments and in diderent relations, but which it has been found convenient and useful to com'- bine in this particular instrument for the purposes' hereinafter described. One of these features relates to means'for varyln'jg and controlling the magnification of the telescopes embodied in the instrument. rlhe periscope shown and\ describedv comprls'es two erecting telescopes, the objectives of which face each other, theone nearest the `object looked at being a reducing telescope having the function of reducing the angle at which theobj ect isseen, andthe one nearest the observer being an expanding tele` scope having the function of expanding the angle at" which the object is seen. The' upper or reducing telescope is rovided with means for varying thernagni cation, andif desired the lower, expanding telescpe is provided with similar meansa'lso or varying the magnification.l 'lhe'control of the means for varying the magnification in both of these telescopes is shown'as a joint control from a single mechanism, but it may be' independentor joint as ni'ay be mo's't convenient for theobs'erver. i

Another novel eatureof the" instrument comprises a device used for determining approximately, through the means of4 varying the magnification of one or bothtelescopes, the range of a 'distant objec't suchas a battle'- ship, and it includes a micrometer provided' with a scale graduated to resent in units' of lineal measurement the ength or height of. the object the distance' 'of which is tobe determined.

ln the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal central section through the upper part of a periscope embodying the invention and which upper part contains the reducing tele`` of the line 6`6 in Fig. 2, all of these sec-L tions' being on an enlarged scale. Fig. 7 is a detail of the revoluble sleeve of the lower expandingtele's'cope 4showing its cam slots,

and Fig. 8 is adetail of a range finding scale. l Y

llnfthe drawings, 1() is an external tube orf casing which the other parts are mounted and whlch is adapted to be suitably supported on the submarine vessel or any other place in which it is employed. At the upper extremity of the casing 10 there is rigidly secured to it a sub-casing 11 within which there is'adapted to be' rotated a sleeve 12 to? the'` upper Aend vof which is secured a prlsrn housing 13, in which there is a suitable p'rls'm carrier 14. Mounted within the casing 10 isla shaft 40 provided at its upper extremity with apinio'n 41 adapted to mesh with-an annular' gear 45 formed on the outsidel of or secured to the tube 12 by means of which the prism housing 13 is rotated by the observer the shaft 4U at its lower'end beingI prviea with a. suitable handle 42 by .means of which it may be conveniently 0per'ated. l

Fccentrically and securely mounted within thefupper part of the casing 10 is a tube 20 which at one end carries the objective 21 ofthe reducing telescope. 'lo the other end of this 'tube 20 there is secured' a' frame 22 which in turn supports a tube 23 carrying a lens24, which'is adapted to regulate the oblique rays of the telescope and is adjust- -able along the longitudinal axis of the in- Within the tube 23 is a tube 230 rovided with two longitudinal struinent. which 1s slbtsi25, 25. Within the tube 230 are, two

tubes 26 and 27, and which carry respectively the' erecting elements indicated at 28 and the,

eye-piece elements indicated at 29.. TheL tube 27 is provided with a projecting-"stud 30 and the tube 26 with a projecting stud 31, these studs being adapted to pass through the slots and to engage cam slots formed in a sleeve 32 which rotates lby means of an external annular gear indicated at 33, and which is actuated by a pinion 34 rigidly secured on a long shaft 35 which at its lower end is provided with a suitable handle 36 or other means' by which it may be turned. When the handle is rotated and the shaft 35 thus rotated causes the pinion 34 to move and the pinion 33 meshing with itis moved the sleeve 32 is rotated.v -Such rotation is translated through the studs l and 31 into a lon 'tudinal movement of the tubes 26 and 2 withvwhich they are connected, their rotation being prevented by the engagement of these same studs with the slots 25 in the tube 230. 1t will be understood of course that the extentand shape of these slotsare designed so as to preserve the proper optical relation between the optical elements at all positions. By this construction it is obvious therefore that the rotation of the shaft varies the magnification in the reducing y telescope.

Eccentrically and securely mounted within the lower -partof the casinglO is a tube 100 which carries the objective 101 of the expanding telescope. To the, lower end of this tube is secured a frame 102 which in turn supports a tuberiv 103 which carries a lens 104 adapted to `regulate the oblique rays of the lowertelescope. A guide tube 105 carried by the frame 102 is provided with a longitudinal, slot 106 adapted to bc. engaged by a studl107 projecting from an inner tube 108 carrying the erecting optical elements indicated at 109.l lt is lalso provided with a longitudinal slot 126 indicated in dotted outline in Fig. 2 andl which is adapted to be engaged by a stud 127, only the inner tip of which is shown in Fig. 2, and which projects outwardly from a tube 110 carrying the eye piece elements. The tube 110 is provided at its lower end with a reecting element housing 111 (containing a reflecting element 112, in this case, a prism) which housing in turn is securedto a micrometer housing 113 having an annular sleeve 114 surroundin a tubular carrier 115J in which lare arranged the eye piece optical elements 116.

A revoluble tube 130 is secured within a covering tube 131 and is provided with cam slots one of which is s iral in form and is engaged by the stud 10 of the erecting element tube 108 and the second of which is hyperbolic in form and is engagedA by the stud`127 of the eye piece tube 110. The cover tube 131 yis externally provided with anfann'ular gear 37 which meshes with and is adapted to be rotated by a pinionl 38. se-

the tubes carrying the erectingv elements and the eye piece elements lof the expanding telescope are relatively moved to vary the ma nification in accordance with optical principles governing the .length and shapeof the 4slots in the tube 130 in a manner similar to that in which the magnication is varied in` the reducing telescope by the rotation of the same shaft.

It is quite obvious that if the pinion 38 and the gear 3'( were omitted, the' rotation of the shaft 35 would vary the magnification of the reducing telescope without alecting that of the expanding telescope. equally obviousy that the pinion 38 might as readily be mounted upon a second shaft within the casing 10 as upon the shaft 35, in which case the means for varying the magnification of the expanding telescope would be quite independent of the means for varying the magnification of the reducing telescope. Both of these modications are regarded as within the disclosure of this specification and the principles of this invention. If only one of the telescopes is provided with means for varying the magnification, the other mustin any case be also an erecting telescope but instead of having erecting and eye piece elements, it may be of Galilean or prismatic form. -The two separate objectives of the two telescopes may also be replaced by one objective having a suitable focal length:

The micrometer is arranged in the housing 113 and at the focus of the eyepiece or observing telescope. It comprises a frame provided with the usual cross wires 51 and .52 which are adjusted by means of the usual capstan screws indicated at 53. Arranged within the housing 113 is a subfraine 55 which is carried b slidably supportedy in an upper shaft 58 by having lugs slidable thereupon. The shaft 56 is adapted to be rotated by a milled head 57 and the shaft-58 is adapted to be rotated by a milled head 59. The sub-frame 55 is'adapted to be bodily moved Within the housing 113 b means of the rotation of the lwire 61. These two wires are adapted to be moved to and fro withrespect to each other by the rotation of the milled head 59 which rotates the shaft 58 and sleeve 620.'` It Vis obvious that the `distance a art of the wires and 61 is a function of t e circular move# ment of the shaft 58 and that the extent of` It is a lower shaft 56, and is ymilled head 5 This frame carries a wire bodi'l 13. An optical instrument comprising a reducing telescope an expanding telescope,-

means for varymg the magnification of each telescope including a movable member withv`in reach of thev observer2 va device for indicating the ascertained slze of an image of vthe object viewed through the instrument as projected on the field of vision, and means for reading the range of the object so viewed consisting of a scale arranged near to the movable member of either telescope.l

4. An optical instrument comprising a reducing telescope, an expanding telescope, means for varying the magnification of each telescope including a movable member within reach of the observer, a device for indicating the ascertained size of an image of the object viewedthrough the instrument as projected on the lield of vision, and means for reading the range of the object so viewed 1 consisting of a scalearranged near to the movable member whereby as the magniication is varied to cause the image of the "object to coincide with the indication of its size, the extent of such variation is ascervvtai-ned in terms of distance of the object from the observer. i

5. In an instrument ofthe character described, a device arranged at its eye piece end, comprising a frameA adapted to carry two wires formeasuring an object in the field of vision, means 'for moving the wires with respect to-each'other, and means for 'movin the frame while maintaining t e wires 1n fixed relation.

6. In an instrument yof the character described, a' telescope including an eye piece, a frame movabl transversely of the eye piece, and measu ing elements carried by the frame and relatively adjustable thereon,

said velements being movable with the frame,

while maintaining a fixed relation.

7.1 In 'an instrument of the character de- Y. scribed, a telescope including an eye piece, a

frame movable transversely of the eye piece, means for moving the frame, includin an actuating'device disposed externally o the telescope, relatively adjustable measuring elements molmted on the frame and movable 'therewi h while maintaining a Afixed relation,4 and means for relatively adjust` ing the elements on the frame', including an f device disposed externally of the actuating telescope.

8. The combination with an optical instrument having a variable power of a device arranged Aat the eye piece focus for measuring the extent of the image of an object viewed through the instrument.

9. The combination with an optical instrument having a variable power of a device arranged at the eye piece focus for measuring the extent of the image of an object viewed' through the instrument in combination with -means for ascertaining the extent of theI variation of read in terms of lineal distance.

10. The combination with an optical instrumenthaving a variable power of a device arranged at the eye piece focus for measurin the extent of the image of an object 'viewed through the instrument, means `for maintaining a register Aof said extent in the field of vision during the observation.

11. The combination with an optical instrument having a variable power of a device arranged at the eye piece focus for measurin the extent of the image of an object `vlewed through the instrument, means for maintaining a register of said extent in the field of vision during the observation, and which register is adapted to remain constant during any variation in the power.' 12. The combination with an optical instrument having a variable power of a device arranged, at the eye piece focus forindicating the dimensions of the image of an object viewed through the instrument at a predeterminedmagnification. y

13. The combination with an optical instrument having a variable power of a device arranged at the eye piece focus for indicating the dimensions of the image of an object viewed through the instrument at a predetermined magnification, and means for varying the magnification to cause the actual image of the object to coincide with its indicated size."

14. The\combination with an optical instrument having a variable power ofa device arranged at the eye piece' focus for indicating the dimensions of the image 'of an the power,

object viewed. through the instrument at a' its'indicated size, and means for measuring the extent of such variation in the ma ilication in terms 'of lineal distance o the object viewed from the instrument.

16. The combination with an optical in- I strument having a ,variable power of a device arranged at the'eye piece focus for indicating 'thedimensions of the image of an object-viewed' through the instrument at a predetermined ma ifcation, means for varying the magni cation to cause the acincassa tual Vimage of the object to coincide with its indicated size, and means for measuring the extent of such variation in the magnification in terms of lineal distance of the object viewed from the instrument, and means for varying such indication to indicate fractions of the original image.

l7jThe combination with an optical instrument having a variable power Vof a device varranged at the eye piece focus for indicating thedimensions of the image of an object viewed through the instrument at a predetermined ma ification, lmeans for varying the magni cation to cause the actual image of the object to "coincide with its indicated size, and means for measuring the extent ofsuch variation in the magnification in terms of lineal distance of the object viewed from the instrument, and means for varying such indication to indicate Jfractions of the original one, means for varying the magnification being also adapted to cause the actual image of the object to be brought to a position to compare it with the indication.v A

18. rlhe combination with an optical instrument having'a variable power of a de- .vice arranged at the eye piece focus for 'indicating the dimensions of. the image of an object viewedthrough the instrument at a predeterminedmagnication, means for position to compare it with the indication,`

- and means for measuring the extent of `the variation in terms ci" lineal distance.

19. The combination with an optical instrument having means for varying' the magniicationof4 an object viewed therethrough, df means for indicating the magnif ication et an object of predetermined size.

at a predetermined distance, and means de-I pendent on the relative movement of the magnlfication-varying means and indicating means `for indicating the approxirxmtevdis,L tance between such object and the instru-l ment when located lat another than saidpredetermined distance.

In testimony whereof i a'iix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

" FREDERICK ih. G. KOLLMGRGEN. Witnesses:

@mannen G. CAMPEELL, MARY H. Lewis. 

